Hebrews 9:16-17
"For where there is a [testament] covenant, there must of necessity be the death of the one who made it. For a covenant is valid only when people are dead, for it is never in force while the one who made it lives."
Imagine someone prepares a last will and testament; that covenant is not activated until death occurs. Just as no inheritance is distributed and no will takes effect while the testator is still alive, so the full blessings and promises of a covenant require the death of the one initiating it.
In the case of the New Testament it's a legal principle inaugurated by Christ. The will has zero legal power while he is still breathing.
This is what Jesus was alluding to in the upper room:
John 16:7
"Nevertheless I tell you the truth: it is to your advantage that I go away, for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you. But if I go, I will send him to you."
Jesus is explaining why He "had to go." His physical departure (through death, resurrection, and ascension) was necessary so the Holy Spirit could come and apply the full benefits of the new covenant.
Why do you suppose that is?
Was God limited somehow in His reach and power by a legal obligation?
No, the sovereign, omnipotent God of the universe is not bound by anything outside Himself. Everything unfolds according to His own eternal counsel and good pleasure (Ephesians 1:11). The necessity of it isn't a restriction but a wise and righteous order He Himself established for how He relates to humanity in covenant.
Jesus’ physical departure was essential for at least these interconnected reasons:
1. While Jesus was physically present on earth, He was still operating within the framework of the old covenant shadows in many ways. I think this point alone explains a lot of what the Jews had against him. In their minds the Messiah was not limited to the Old Testament system. In their thinking He should have ushered in a new era. Which He did. But not in the manner they expected. They weren't expecting his death. Even though the prophets clearly laid out the sacrifice of Himself He would necessarily be willing to make.
The Jewish leaders and crowds were steeped in the Old Covenant system. They were looking for a new era, but one that looked like David’s golden age on steroids, not the Suffering Servant of Isaiah 53. But He did it in the exact way the prophets foretold, which clashed violently with their expectations.
Only then could the full blessings; forgiveness written on the heart, direct access to the Father, and the permanent indwelling of the Holy Spirit, be distributed to all who believe. This wasn’t God being "stuck" by a rule. It was the costly, loving way He chose to uphold both perfect justice (all sin must be punished) and perfect mercy (all sinners can be forgiven and adopted).
2. The Shift from "With Us" to "In Us"
What changed between the Old and New Covenants was a new reality in which temple the Lord dwelled in. Jesus again alludes to this in John chapter 4. He speaks to this new reality about the new covenant promise, that God’s Spirit would dwell inside His people permanently. Jesus, as the God-man in a localized body, could only be in one place at one time. When He ascended, He sent the Spirit who could be poured out on all flesh (Acts 2). Jew and Gentile, near and far, in prisons and in homes. For this reason Jesus told the disciples it was to their advantage that He go away (John 16:7).
When Jesus speaks to the Samaritan woman at the well, He directly addresses the old-covenant temple mindset:
"Woman, believe Me, an hour is coming when you will worship the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem…But an hour is coming, and now is, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth…" (John 4:21, 23)
The Shekinah glory cloud, the Holy of Holies, the annual Day of Atonement; all of it was "with them" but not yet "in them" in the full, permanent sense.
Jesus, while he walked the earth as the incarnate God/man was "with them". Jesus Himself was the true Temple.
John 2:19-21
"Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up"
While He walked the earth, the presence of God was localized in His body. But that was preparatory. His death would tear the veil, and His ascension would release the Holy Spirit so that every believer becomes a temple of the living God (Ephesians 2:19-22). Just as the prophets said.
Jeremiah 31:33
"I will put My law within them and on their heart I will write it."
Ezekiel 36:26-27
"I will give you a new heart...I will put My Spirit within you…"
Jesus’ localized presence meant the blessings were limited in scope during His earthly ministry. The Spirit came upon His people for very specific tasks under the old system, but the New permanent, universal indwelling awaited His cross and His empty tomb.
3. God Established a Pattern of Death Leading to Life
This mirrors the grain of wheat principle (John 12:24). The Son must die so that many sons could be brought to glory (Hebrews 2:10). God designed redemption this way so that His glory shines brightest through the cross; not through raw power alone, but through sacrificial love that satisfies every righteous demand. The cross wasn’t optional or secondary. It was the divinely ordained ratification. Nothing forced His hand. God wasn't taken by surprise. Rather, the triune God (Eternal Father sending, Eternal Word/Son obeying, Eternal Spirit applying the Holy ordinance) planned this from before the foundation of the world so that we could enjoy intimate fellowship with Him.
Short but sweet; Jesus had to go through the cross so the Holy Spirit could come live inside you. It's that simple. The same power that raised Him is now at work in you; not because God was limited, but because this is how He chose to make you a new creation.
The New Covenant is a new pattern for redemption. We die to self so Christ can live through us. We surrender control, so the new-covenant life can flow through us. And like it or not, old systems must be put to death as well. We can't keep the shadows hanging around polluting everything.
The old shadows had their purpose; they pointed forward, but once the reality has come in Christ, clinging to them pollutes and hinders fruit production. The repeated sacrifices, the external rituals, the reliance on temple or human mediators, had to be laid in the grave with Christ. Trying to keep them alive after the cross is like dragging a corpse around; it only brings decay and bondage.
From now on, until the resurrection of the dead, we are to set our minds on things above, where Christ is, and put to death what is earthly. The Holy Spirit was poured out on all who believe. That is the remission of sin, the assurance, fellowship in the new and living way.
But you've got to hold on to it. The assurance is sealed. The new and living way is open. But resist the temptation to cling to the traditional identities. It’s like trying to live in the blueprint after the house has already been built.
Don’t drift. Don’t shrink back. Don’t go back to the shadows that have been put to death. Hold fast to the confession, to the hope, to the promises secured by Christ’s blood.
Hebrews 10:23
"Let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering, for He who promised is faithful."
Don’t drift back to performance-based identities, cultural Christianity, self-reliant "good guy" religion, or any system that diminishes the sufficiency of Christ’s once-for-all work. We now have (In Christ) a new pattern. You are forgiven, a new creation, and indwelt by the Spirit.
Hold on to that.
Act justly by refusing the old shadows. Love mercy by extending new-covenant hope to others. Walk humbly with your God by clinging daily to the blood-bought promises. Don't miss out on the full relationship because you couldn't put away the familiar, comfortable, old promises.
Hold fast.
Amen 🙏🏼