The Multifaceted Ministry of the Holy Spirit: With, In, and Upon – A Journey Through Grace in Acts 8
Acts 8:1-3
"And Saul approved of his execution.
And there arose on that day a great persecution against the church in Jerusalem, and they were all scattered throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except the apostles. Devout men buried Stephen and made great lamentation over him. But Saul was ravaging the church, and entering house after house, he dragged off men and women and committed them to prison."
As a result of this persecution, we see that the church is becoming more evangelical in their approach, shifting from the church’s growth in Jerusalem to its expansion outward due to these hardships. Now we see the ripple effects of Stephen’s stoning (from Acts 7). Saul (who later becomes the apostle Paul) not only approves of the execution but actively leads a brutal campaign against believers. And we're introduced to the acts of one of the "seven", Phillip, who had been appointed to serving the church along with Stephen. Phillip heads off to the city of Samaria and begins a campaign of exorcism.
Acts 8:7
"For unclean spirits, crying out with a loud voice, came out of many who had them, and many who were paralyzed or lame were healed."
Phillip's ministry becomes a bridge to Gentile inclusion in the church, as Samaritans were a "middle ground" between Jews and full outsiders. And as a result of his ministry an encounter with baptized believers, (in particular Simon the magician), presents for us an interesting opportunity to explore the baptism of the Holy Spirit.
In Samaria, a man named Simon (Acts 8:9-13) had long captivated the people with his sorcery, claiming greatness and drawing followers who called him "the power of God that is called Great." Philip preaches Christ in the city of Samaria and performs miracles there. At this time the crowds, including Simon the magician, turn to faith. Simon believes, is baptized, and follows Philip, amazed by the signs. News of these things reaches Jerusalem, prompting the apostles to send Peter and John (the last time we see John in the book of Acts). They pray for the new believers to receive the Holy Spirit, lay hands on them, and the Spirit falls on them visibly. In what way we do not know. But if was something because it got Simon's attention. Simon, enthralled by this power, offers money to buy the ability to impart the Spirit, earning a sharp rebuke from Peter:
Acts 8:20-23
But Peter said to him, "May your silver perish with you, because you thought you could obtain the gift of God with money! You have neither part nor lot in this matter, for your heart is not right before God. Repent, therefore, of this wickedness of yours, and pray to the Lord that, if possible, the intent of your heart may be forgiven you. For I see that you are in the gall of bitterness and in the bond of iniquity."
And so, we see that we cannot purchase the work of The Holy Spirit for ourselves. But more than that, these passages highlight a distinction: The Samaritans believed and were baptized in water (v. 12-13), but the Holy Spirit’s coming is separate, linked to the apostles’ laying on of hands (v. 17-18). This isn’t a universal pattern (e.g., Cornelius receives the Spirit before water baptism in Acts 10), but it underscores the Spirit’s sovereign work, often marked by visible signs in Acts’ transitional moments. This experience often follows salvation, equipping believers for service with power, gifts, and boldness. It’s not earned but received by faith, sometimes through prayer and the laying on of hands (as here or in Acts 19:6).
For some theologians this day in the city of Samaria presents a dilemma. How could these new believers have genuinely "received the word of God" (v. 14), believed in Christ, and been baptized in water (v. 12-13), yet not have the Holy Spirit "fallen on any of them" (v. 16) until Peter and John arrive to pray and lay hands on them? This separation challenges assumptions about the timing and nature of the Spirit’s indwelling, baptism, and empowerment.
Let's take a closer look at this:
Jesus said to the disciples, for he [The Holy Spirit] is with you and will be within you. And he said, you will receive power when he falls upon you. And it's notable the distinctions in the prepositions: "with," "in," and "upon." These aren’t just grammatical quirks; they may describe different facets or phases of the Spirit’s relationship with believers.
Quick Recap:
So, the Samaritans "believed Philip as he preached good news about the kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ" and "were baptized" (Acts 8:12). And yet, "the Holy Spirit had not yet fallen on any of them" until Peter and John prayed and laid hands on them (v. 16-17).
Biblical Greek uses prepositions deliberately, often conveying relational or experiential nuances. "With You" (Pará in Greek, John 14:17): suggests the Spirit’s external presence or companionship, convicting and drawing people toward faith in Christ before full conversion, (aka prevenient grace). This preconditioning grace enables a response to the gospel. These distinctions not only resolve potential theological dilemmas, but they illuminate how the Spirit operates holistically: convicting, indwelling, and empowering believers for God’s mission.
"In You" (En in Greek, John 14:17): Shifts our understanding about the Holy Spirit to an internal, permanent indwelling, where the Spirit resides within believers as a seal of salvation, regenerating the heart and assuring adoption as God’s children (Romans 8:15-16; Ephesians 1:13-14). It's justifying grace. It’s the justifying transformative presence that begins at conversion, enabling ongoing sanctification, fruit-bearing (Galatians 5:22-23), and intimacy with God. In contrast to the "with" phase, this is post-faith: The Spirit moves from alongside to inside, making us temples of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 6:19). We can see a link to this in John's gospel:
John 3:5-6
Jesus answered, "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit."
It seems that the Spirit imparts spiritual life, distinct from external signs or power. It's the introduction of sanctifying grace in the life of the believer. And this is distinct from the falling upon of The Spirit.
"Upon You" (Epí in Greek, Acts 1:8; also in Acts 8:16 as "fallen upon" ): Here, the emphasis is on an overflowing or empowering dimension, often described as the Spirit coming “over” or “upon” for supernatural equipping in ministry and witness. This phrase shares notable similarities with the Holy Spirit coming upon Mary in Luke 1:35, both linguistically and thematically. This comparison can deepen our appreciation of how the Spirit "overshadows" or empowers across Scripture, from the incarnation to the church’s mission.
The Greek preposition epí is conveying a sense of the Spirit descending or resting upon someone from above, often with connotations of authority, influence, or supernatural intervention.
Luke 1:35
"The Holy Spirit will come upon (epéleusetai epí) you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you."
The verb here is from epérchomai (Strong’s 1904, "to come upon" or "approach" ), paired with epí to emphasize a divine overshadowing that enables the miraculous virgin conception of Jesus.
In Acts 1:8
"You will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon (epelthóntos…eph’) you."
Again, the verb is a form of epérchomai (Strong’s 1904), with epí underscoring the Spirit’s arrival as an empowering force for global witness.
And now, in Acts 8:16
"For he had not yet fallen upon (epí…epipeptōkós) any of them."
The verb shifts to epipíptō (Strong’s 1968, "to fall upon" or "embrace" ), but it’s still combined with epí, describing the Spirit’s descent in a way that echoes sudden, tangible empowerment; visible enough to astonish Simon the magician (v. 18). This language, through all of these instances, draws from Old Testament imagery, such as the Spirit "coming upon" judges, prophets, or kings for specific tasks (Judges 14:6; 1 Samuel 10:10), symbolizing divine enablement rather than an indwelling ongoing presence. This is the dynamic power of the Holy Spirit, but it's not formulaic. In Mary's case she isn't expressing The power of the Spirit by speaking in tongues, prophecy, or performing miraculous deeds. These distinctions remind us the Spirit tailors His work; always sovereign, but never formulaic.
John 3:8
"The wind blows wherever it pleases. You hear its sound, but you cannot tell where it comes from or where it is going. So it is with everyone born of the Spirit."
From this layered examination of the Holy Spirit’s work, through the deliberate Greek prepositions, we can draw some profound conclusions that harmonize theological tensions but also offer transformative insights for believers today. These distinctions reveal the Spirit as a dynamic, relational Person who engages humanity in a progressive, sovereign manner. This is important for believers to understand. It is His work, not ours, that accomplishes Gods ends. He is preveniently gracing people (preparatory), justifying them (pardoning and regenerative), and sanctifying them (empowering and perfecting). It's God's holistic divine strategy.
The Spirit begins "with" us externally in prevenient grace, convicting and enabling a response to the gospel. And this is notable since Jesus taught the willful unbelievers in parables so that they would not understand. So again, the Spirit does as He will.
Then the Spirit shifts "in" us at conversion through justifying grace, sealing salvation and birthing spiritual life.
And ultimately, He comes "upon" us for sanctifying empowerment, equipping us for mission with visible, overflowing power. In the case of the Acts 8 Samaritans, they weren’t lacking salvation but were awaiting the empowering "upon" phase, sovereignly timed for unity and authentication.
Profoundly, this shows God’s grace isn’t monolithic but multifaceted, preventing schisms, and ensuring the church’s mission advances through relational depth rather than rigid steps. It challenges us to view spiritual "delays" not as deficiencies but as divine orchestration, fostering patience and dependence on the Spirit’s wind-like sovereignty. And Simon the magician's story should serve as a caution to us in regard to fabricated stories about faith and sanctimonious practices.
Today we focused upon semantics and specifically prepositions. And for good reason. These prepositions reveal the Spirit’s intent for wholeness, preventing a faith that’s merely intellectual (belief without power) or superficial (power without intimacy). This illustrates for us that incomplete engagement risks "Simon-like" errors, commodifying the Spirit for self-gain.
At its core, this analysis profoundly concludes that the Spirit’s prepositional facets reflect the triune God’s relational essence:
The Father draws ("with" you always, "I will be your God), the Son saves and indwells ("in" Christ, in His righteousness), and the Spirit empowers ("upon" sanctifyingly perfecting) for the Father’s glory.
This combats legalism and despair. No one is beyond the Spirit’s reach, and every believer can experience an escalating union (friendship) with God, from an external nudge to becoming an internal temple and ultimately overflowing externally. All you need to do is get out of the Spirit's way.
Prayer:
Holy and Triune God, thank You for the Spirit who convicts with grace, indwells in justification, and empowers upon us for Your kingdom. As in Acts 8 and Mary’s story, overshadow my life sovereignly, birthing in me a wholeness and a witness. Guard me from partial faith; lead me into Your relational depths. In Jesus' Holy name, Amen.