Nicodemus and the Spiritual Metamorphosis - Part One
John 2:23-25
Now when he was in Jerusalem at the Passover Feast, many believed in his name when they saw the signs that he was doing. But Jesus on his part did not entrust himself to them, because he knew all people and needed no one to bear witness about man, for he himself knew what was in man.
This reflects Jesus’ omniscience, His ability to discern the hearts and motives of people. And so, he was cautious about some whose faith might have been superficial. And this comes into play in chapter three.
John 3:1-3
Now there was a man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews. This man came to Jesus by night and said to him, "Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher come from God, for no one can do these signs that you do unless God is with him." Jesus answered him, "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God."
Now...why do you suppose Nicodemus, a Pharisee, a ruler, a teacher, a righteous man of God; why would he come to Jesus? He doesn't ask about what is necessary for reaching the kingdom of God. He never gets to that point because Jesus already knows his mind. So, why did he come, and at night no less.
Nicodemus, as a Pharisee and member of the seventy Sanhedrin, was a prominent wealthy religious leader, well-versed in Jewish law and tradition. If anyone could say he was born of God, a child of God, he could, if someone could based on their works. His decision to approach Jesus suggests a mixture of curiosity, intrigue, and perhaps a cautious openness to the possibility that Jesus was more than just a teacher.
Nicodemus acknowledges Jesus’ miracles, saying,
John 3:2
"No one can do these signs that you do unless God is with him."
As a lifelong scholar, he may have wanted to investigate whether Jesus was a true prophet or teacher sent by God. On the other hand, as a teacher of the law, Nicodemus might have been wrestling with how Jesus’ actions and teachings fit into the Jewish framework. This would be more typical for a Pharisee. He may have merely come to ask questions, test Jesus’ teachings, or seek clarification about His identity and mission.
But I think his motives were more heavenly minded than these matters of the flesh. While Nicodemus doesn’t explicitly ask about the kingdom of God, Jesus’ immediate response about being "born again" suggests that Nicodemus may have had deeper, unspoken questions about salvation, righteousness, or God’s kingdom. And this could also be why he came at night.
In John’s Gospel, "night" often symbolizes spiritual darkness or a lack of full understanding (e.g., Judas betraying Jesus at night in John 13:30). Nicodemus’ nighttime visit may indicate that, despite his knowledge and piety, he was still in spiritual darkness, not fully grasping the truth about Jesus or the kingdom of God. Many people like him spend all their lifetime reflecting upon the mysteries of the universe but never see the light. So Jesus immediately begins teaching about being "born again" and challenges Nicodemus to move from darkness to the light of true faith. No lead in, no hedging or soft landing, just headlong into this deep and profound understanding of the world and the universe. Jesus, knowing his thoughts, cuts to the core issue: Nicodemus’ need for spiritual rebirth to enter God’s kingdom, rather than relying on his status, knowledge, or works as a Pharisee.
Jesus’ teaching about being "born again" challenges his traditional Jewish framework, revealing that the kingdom requires a radical, spiritual transformation that Nicodemus had not yet considered. And Jesus calls him out on that, but first he says...
John 3:3-4
"Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God." Nicodemus said to him, "How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born?"
What's going on here is the typical metaphysical search for answers to the eternal why and how. Curiosity about miraculous phenomena. Wonder about profound thoughts that don't seem to be reliant upon human experience or need. Deeds that defy human judgment. Jesus’ actions: cleansing the temple (John 2:13-22), performing signs, and teaching with authority, everything about Jesus challenged this framework.
Perhaps, despite his righteousness, wealth, and status, Nicodemus sensed a spiritual lack or uncertainty about his own standing before God. Maybe he was a genuine believer and not a hypocrite. He’s not hostile like some Pharisees but also not fully committed. He seems to be inching towards faith in Jesus as the Christ, but Jesus wasn't even presenting himself in this light yet.
Nicodemus' question about physical rebirth reveals his scholarly tendency to analyze, but Jesus pushes him to think beyond the physical to the spiritual. Jesus is asking him to embrace the mystery of God's creation. Jesus understands being "born again" isn’t fully comprehensible to our minds without faith, but it’s a reality we’re called to trust and experience.
What they are getting into is called teleology.
Teleology is the study of purpose, design, or ultimate ends. It's the eternal "why".
Nicodemus comes to Jesus grounded in his knowledge of Jewish theology, which associates miracles with divine authority. This is likely what drove him to come. When Jesus responds, "Unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God" (John 3:3), Nicodemus’ follow-up question; "How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother’s womb and be born?" (John 3:4), reveals his tendency to interpret Jesus’ words literally, analyzing them through a physical, empirical lens. He’s trying to fit Jesus’ teaching into a familiar paradigm, but Jesus pushes him beyond this to the spiritual realm. And Jesus’ teaching about being "born again" engages teleological questions about the purpose of human existence, the nature of God’s kingdom, and the means by which humanity fulfills its divine destiny.
Nicodemus' framework was teleological in a traditional Jewish sense: life’s purpose was to live righteously to participate in God’s eschatological plan. Jesus reorients this teleological perspective by teaching that entry into the kingdom requires being "born again" through a spiritual transformation. It requires a divine act of re-creation, not something you've done on your own. This shifts the focus from human works to God’s redemptive purpose.
Jesus’ explains this,
John 3:6
"That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit"
This underscores this teleological distinction: the flesh leads to temporal ends, but the Spirit leads to eternal purposes. This challenges Nicodemus to see God’s design as transcending physical existence.
Jesus introduces this teleological concept by describing the wind.
John 3:8
"The wind blows where it wishes, and you hear its sound, but you do not know where it comes from or where it goes. So, it is with everyone who is born of the Spirit."
Basically, he's saying, the Spirit’s work in rebirth is purposeful but not fully comprehensible to human reason without faith as our spiritual lens. Nicodemus, accustomed to a teleology grounded in observable law and tradition, struggles with this mystery.
Jesus is teaching about a faith that becomes the bridge between human limitation and divine mystery, allowing Nicodemus—and us—to participate in God’s redemptive plan, even if we cannot fully comprehend it.
The teleological mystery of spiritual rebirth is unlocked through faith. We’re invited to surrender our need for answers and trust the Spirit’s transformative power. This is not an easy task for many. So many folks NEED a tangible tradition to cling to. So many WANT to cling to it. Because when you lean on faith it's frightening in some ways. It seems formless, and ungrounded. It's like the wind as Jesus suggests. But the funny thing is, it's more like light.
Faith in the Spirit’s transformative power is like light; elusive, intangible, yet radiant and essential. You can't touch light or hold onto it, but you can see it's works. If you try to capture it, it will quickly become darkness. You can fashion a devise to capture it and multiple it and even refocus it over and over again in a crystalline matrix, but eventually it must be set free or it fades in purpose.
Surrendering to the "formless" and "ungrounded" nature of faith is daunting for many. Nicodemus, a Pharisee steeped in the tangible traditions of Jewish law, ritual, and scholarly analysis, exemplifies this struggle. And even now we experience these same struggles with the Spiritual realities and the traditional practices of the church.
Next time we'll explore more about this issue. But for now, I think we should reflect on what it's going to take for Nicodemus, and us, to release our need to control the process and allow the Spirit’s light to transform us, just as light must be set free in order to truly shine as Jesus intends for us.
God bless your day...