You can't even jump headlong into a study of the Old Testament book of Daniel without first and immediately stumbling over multitudes of seminary controversies about the authorship and validity of this prophetic book. The book of Daniel spans the time period of 605 to 536 B.C., which involves both the Babylonian Empire and the beginning of the Persian Empire. Some historians claim that the use of Chaldean language and Greek in certain passages calls into question the authorship and timing. Nevermind that the book almost immediately speaks to this...
Daniel 1:4b
"...He was to teach them the language and literature of the Babylonians."
Daniel 1:17 "To these four young men God gave knowledge and understanding of all kinds of literature and learning. And Daniel could understand visions and dreams of all kinds."
It's immediately clear that Daniel, and his companions, was very well educated and certainly capable of writing in his own time by his own hand and through his own understanding. Not to mention, God granted them better health, wisdom, and understanding than any of the other hostages. And no doubt the king Nebuchadnezzar himself would agree since he examined those who had been under his training, he declared that they were superior to the magicians and enchanters who belonged to his own royal court.
I think my best takeaway from this, as far as it goes to making application in the ways of the world today; people will always challenge the matters of faith, and they'll always approach it from the perspective of a worldly point of view. Meaning, they can't or won't see God at work in the matter. The book itself tells us that God gave them the knowledge, and the human authority of that age confirms it as well. What more do they need?
Some folks just gotta debunk. Like haters gotta hate. These children of Israel are set aside by God on a life changing course to bring into the world an amazing prophetic experience that will last throughout human history. And no amount of conspiracy about authenticity will debunk the prophetic claims that have already been proved true and those yet to come into being. The book of Daniel was and is undeniably true. And it's hilarious to me because even the story itself deals with these same sorts of people...take a look at chapter two.
Daniel 2:10 The astrologers answered the king, “There is no one on earth who can do what the king asks! No king, however great and mighty, has ever asked such a thing of any magician or enchanter or astrologer. 11 What the king asks is too difficult. No one can reveal it to the king except the gods, and they do not live among humans.”
The king wants his scientists and magicians to explain his dream to him. Not only that but he's forgotten his dream, so he demands that these learned men tell him his dream and what it means.
Oh, and by the way...if they don't they get sent into the wood chipper.
These men freak out and at the same time they reveal to us a mindset that prevails even today. They can't except the possibility because God isn't in them.
"No one can reveal it to the king except the gods"
They can't see things the way God sees things because God isn't in their thing. They leave no room for the inspiration of the Spirit. And because these men couldn't even imagine, Daniel and his friends almost got chopped up along with them.
You see...there it is. The learned authorities have spoken and everyone knows when they rule on something no one can dispute them. And therefore everyone is subject to that authority, even unto death. Follow the science, believe the stars and the planets (the natural world). Follow that pattern or die. Never mind the Creator of all these things. Don't even dream that God speaks to his prophets, trust the science.
Science is a form of prophetic divination. Science builds and organizes knowledge into testable explanations and predictions about the world. As far as the scientists can see. And because of human frailty and a sinful nature, science also builds upon presumption and personal bias often associated with envy and greed.
It all comes down to who do you trust.
Daniel and his friends put ALL their trust in God, and as we'll find out throughout this study, God rewards that faithfulness, and proves them righteous.