Philippians 1:21-23
"For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain. If I am to live in the flesh, that means fruitful labor for me. Yet which I shall choose I cannot tell. I am hard pressed between the two. My desire is to depart and be with Christ, for that is far better."
For Paul every living breath, decision, suffering, and joy is filtered through magnifying Christ. Christ's will being done, more than anything else.
What fills in the blank for you?
"For to me, to live is ______"?
For many, it might be family, career, comfort, or personal achievements. Of course each of these things come with their own set of challenges. But what would you count as a net positive from this life?
Paul sees death not as loss or defeat, but as gain; a net positive. Because it means departing this world to be with Christ, which he calls "far better." For Paul it's like a graduation into glory. And at this point in his life and ministry he is facing a face off with Ceasar Nero. He knew Nero’s court loomed, but Nero’s shadow didn’t dim his joy.
Paul models the only fill-in-the-blank that survives every trial, including a face-off with the empire. To live is Christ. His will supreme, His glory the filter, His presence the prize.
So what about that death, what comes?
The doctrine of soul sleep teaches that the soul (or the whole person) enters an unconscious state of rest or non-existence until Christ returns and raises the dead. Proponents often point to verses like Ecclesiastes 9:5 ("the dead know nothing" ), Daniel 12:2 ("those who sleep in the dust…awake" ), and New Testament uses of "sleep" for death. Philippians 1:21–23 directly challenges or contradicts this view, because Paul expresses a personal, and immediate expectation that doesn’t align with prolonged unconsciousness.
Paul writes:
"For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain. If I am to live in the flesh, that means fruitful labor for me. Yet which I shall choose I cannot tell. I am hard pressed between the two. My desire is to depart and be with Christ, for that is far better."
Paul describes death as gain and "far better" than continued life and ministry. If death meant entering unconscious non-awareness for coutless centuries or even millennia, it’s hard to see how that would be a net positive. Unconsciousness offers no fellowship, no joy, no presence, only oblivion, which wouldn’t logically be preferable to serving Christ actively here. Wouldn't it be preferable for Christ to extend life over many lifetimes if the goal was to build up meritorious service?
Paul's longing is specifically "to depart and be with Christ", not to depart and sleep until the resurrection, then be with Christ. The language implies direct, personal union with Jesus upon departing (dying). The language is like breaking camp, or loosing the moorings of a ship. It's a transition from one state into another. Which fits Paul's teaching in 2 Corinthians 5:6–8, "We would rather be away from the body and at home with the Lord."
Paul believes that death is an upgrade to an unbroken presence with Christ. And for the most part, all of Christendom follows this thinking. Some Christians however (certain Adventists, Jehovah’s Witnesses, some annihilationists, and conditionalists) argue the Bible does not teach a naturally immortal soul. Instead they believe that humans are holistic beings, living souls, via body + breath of life, and the soul is not a detachable immortal (supernatural) part. They believe that death is a real cessation of consciousness ("sleep" ), and that immortality is a gift given only to the righteous at the resurrection of the body. They argue that this is what Paul meant by "this mortal must put on immortality" (1 Corinthians 15:53–54). In their view resurrection is the only opportunity for heavenly aspirations, not an automatic immortal soul floating off with ministering angels.
I'm not always in "the majority view", but in this context I am. The text’s logic is straightforward. Paul is genuinely torn between fruitful labor now and something far better immediately upon departing. Unconsciousness for potentially thousands of years wouldn’t rationally be "gain" over active service here and now, while "living".
This majority view sees "sleep" as poetic for the body’s temporary rest, while the spirit/soul enters conscious fellowship with Christ right away. Yes, of course, immortality isn’t inherent like God’s, however God does predestine those who will be saved.
Now you can argue about on what basis God chooses to grant salvation, but God does the choosing just the same. But does he choose based upon what we do or what He wills?
Let me tell you something, every book in the Bible describes one thing in common, each book in it's own way is expressing how people are practicing their religious beliefs in ways that will earn them a ticket to the mercy seat. The entire sweep of Scripture shows God’s people wrestling, failing, innovating religious systems, debating interpretations, and yet the gospel advances anyway. The message isn’t derailed by our human mess; it’s sovereignly carried forward.
Some argue that they had a revelation and another will say the words don't say what they say. At the end of the day, as Paul says, the gospel gets preached. Their motives may be mixed up with a whole bunch of religious nonsense, but Christ still gets preached. And so we have to be content in this state of affairs. We can get up in arms about denominations, and what each group believes and doesn't believe. But then, that's the whole Bible in a nutshell, from Old Testament to New Testament, one group trying to please God in their own way, screwing up sometimes in a very royal manner, and another group exhorting that group. There's not a book in the Bible that doesn't do that. And so this is the way of things for the people of God. And this is going to continue to be the way of things until Christ reigns on earth in his kingdom and the new Jerusalem and new Earth. But until that day, as Paul has said, "to live is Christ." And whatever it is, you think you have to do in order to accomplish that, that's on you. Paul believes there is no ticket to punch, no merit badge required; just departure to be with Him, as being "far better."
If you feel like you have to build an entire rigid religion around some sort of experience  in order to get your ticket to ride, that's on you. And one thing we've learned in the gospel and New Testament about that is that your reward is already yours. If your faith is built on that expression, then you've already received your reward. This doesn’t negate our human responsibility; we confess Christ, believe, live worthy of the gospel (Philippians 1:27), but the decisive initiative is always God’s.
And that's the end of the story.
Thanks be to God.