Children of the Promise: Embracing Our Identity
Romans 9:6-8
"But it is not as though the word of God has failed. For not all who are descended from Israel belong to Israel, and not all are children of Abraham because they are his offspring, but "Through Isaac shall your offspring be named." This means that it is not the children of the flesh who are the children of God, but the children of the promise are counted as offspring."
The Jewish people, descendants of Abraham, might wonder if God’s promises have faltered since not all embraced the Messiah. Paul clarifies that true belonging to God’s family isn’t rooted in physical lineage or human effort, it’s not about being "children of the flesh." Instead, it’s about divine promise and grace, exemplified in Isaac, born not of natural means but through God’s miraculous intervention.
Knowing these things, how can God make a perfect promise of grace?
In God's omnipresent glory, he has chosen them already, He's not surprised who will come and who won't. He has mercy and compassion on those who he wills. This truth echoes through history. Abraham had Ishmael through human scheming with Hagar, but Isaac arrived as the child of promise, fulfilling God’s word to Sarah despite her age. Paul uses this to illustrate that God’s children are those called by His sovereign choice, not by bloodline or merit. It’s a reminder that salvation isn’t earned; it’s gifted through faith in Christ, the ultimate fulfillment of those promises.
Today, this speaks to us in a world obsessed with identity and achievement. We might chase belonging through family heritage, accomplishments, or social status, only to find it fleeting. How often do we see broken families. Children not honoring their parents. Parents abusing their children. Families abusing one another. But as "children of the promise," our identity is secure in God’s unchanging word. If you’ve trusted in Jesus, you’re part of His spiritual lineage, adopted, loved, and counted as an heir (Galatians 3:29). No failure or doubt can nullify that.
Reflection: Where in your life are you relying on "flesh" efforts rather than God’s promises?
Sarah, (Abraham's wife), feeling the weight of barrenness, suggested that Abraham take her Egyptian servant, Hagar, as a concubine to produce an heir, a common custom in ancient times (Genesis 16:1-3). Hagar became pregnant. This caused tension. Hagar began to despise Sarah, who then mistreated her. Hagar fled into the wilderness, where an angel of the Lord found her and instructed her to return. The angel promised that her son would be named Ishmael (meaning "God hears" ) and that he would become a great nation, though he would live in hostility toward his brothers (Genesis 16:10-12). He is considered the ancestor of many Arab peoples and is significant in Islamic tradition as well. The Muslim tradition holds on to his heritage in the Abrahamic tradition.
From a Christian theological perspective, Muslims are not considered "children of the promise" in this specific sense. The Bible emphasizes that the covenant line runs through Isaac, not Ishmael (Genesis 17:21; Romans 9:7-8). But more than that, true inheritance comes through faith in Christ, whom Christianity views as the fulfillment of those promises. Muslims, who follow Islam, revere Abraham (Ibrahim) and recognize Ishmael (Ismail) as a prophet and ancestor, but they do not accept Jesus as the divine Son of God or the sole means of salvation. Instead, Islam teaches submission to Allah through the Quran and the prophethood of Muhammad, tracing spiritual and physical heritage back to Abraham via Ishmael. This highlights a key difference between the faiths. Christianity sees the promise fulfilled in Christ for all who believe, while Islam sees it continued through Muhammad for those who submit to Allah.
Reflect on how God’s sovereignty in choosing (Romans 9:15-16) invites all people; Jew, Gentile, Muslim, or otherwise, to faith in Jesus as the way to become part of that promised family.
And so, the crux of the matter is the same as in every case, what it always comes down to is who people say Jesus is. Whether you're an atheist, agnostic, traditionalis, fundamentalist, liberal, conservative, Christian, Muslim, Jew, all must deal with this man Jesus.
Muslims and Christians both revere Jesus (known as Isa in Islam) as a significant figure in their faiths, sharing some common beliefs like his virgin birth to Mary, his performance of miracles, and his future return. However, there are fundamental differences rooted in their respective scriptures.
Christians view Jesus as fully divine and fully human, the Son of God, and part of the Holy Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit). Muslims see Jesus as a human prophet and messenger of God, not divine. Islam emphasizes Tawhid (the absolute oneness of God), rejecting any notion of God having partners or a son, as it would compromise God’s unity (e.g., Quran 4:171; 5:116). Christians believe Jesus is the Messiah and Savior who atoned for humanity’s sins through his death and resurrection, offering salvation by grace through faith in him. Muslims regard Jesus as one of the greatest prophets (alongside figures like Abraham, Moses, and Muhammad), sent to guide the Israelites and confirm monotheism. He is not a savior in the redemptive sense but a teacher and miracle-worker by God’s permission. Christians affirm that Jesus was crucified, died on the cross as a sacrifice for sins, and rose from the dead on the third day, proving his divinity and victory over death. Muslims believe Jesus was not crucified or killed; instead, God raised him directly to heaven, and it only appeared that he died (possibly through a substitute). Christians teach that Jesus will return as King and Judge at the end of time to establish God’s kingdom, resurrect the dead, and judge humanity. Muslims also believe in Jesus’ second coming, but as a sign of the Day of Judgment. He will descend to defeat the Antichrist (Dajjal), break the cross (symbolizing the rejection of Christian doctrines), kill a pig (rejecting certain Jewish laws), and establish justice under Islamic teachings before dying a natural death (based on Hadith traditions). Christians base their views on the New Testament Gospels and epistles, while Muslims draw from the Quran and Hadith, which they believe correct earlier scriptures.
And so, here we are again, but now the question is not who is Jesus, but who holds the truth in their scriptures?
Both religions assert their holy texts as divinely revealed and authoritative, but they differ fundamentally in how they view each other’s scriptures. Muslims view the Quran as the final, perfect, and uncorrupted revelation from God (Allah), delivered verbatim through the angel Gabriel to Prophet Muhammad over 23 years. The Quran affirms that earlier scriptures were originally true and from God (see Quran 5:46-47, which describes the Gospel as containing "guidance and light" and instructs Christians to judge by it). However, Muslims believe the current Bible (both Old and New Testaments) has been altered or corrupted (tahrif) by human hands over time, distorting key teachings like the oneness of God (rejecting the Trinity) and Jesus’ role as a prophet rather than divine. Muslims often discourage laypeople from reading the Bible to avoid confusion, reserving it for scholars.
Christians, on the other hand, regard the Bible as the inspired, authoritative word of God, comprising the Old and New Testaments written by human authors under divine guidance across various genres (history, poetry, prophecy, letters). Its truth is evidenced by fulfilled prophecies, historical reliability, and manuscript consistency, with thousands of ancient copies showing minimal variants that don’t alter core doctrines. The Bible’s purpose goes beyond guidance to reveal God’s personal character, offer salvation through Jesus Christ (the "good news" ), and foster a relational knowledge of God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Christians generally view the Quran as a human work, not divinely inspired, because it contradicts biblical teachings on central issues like Jesus’ divinity, crucifixion, and resurrection.
This leads to a key argument:
If the Quran is true in endorsing an uncorrupted Bible, then its contradictions with the Bible (which manuscript evidence shows unchanged pre- and post-Quran) make the Quran false by its own standard. Christians counter Muslim claims of biblical corruption by noting the Quran’s own history of multiple early versions standardized later, with variants even emerging today. The Bible’s textual evidence and the Quran’s internal inconsistencies (affirming yet contradicting the Bible) undermine the Quran’s claims, affirming the Bible as the enduring revelation.
All these positions of faith and spirituality tie back to our earlier reflections on "children of the promise," it underscores how each faith community interprets God’s covenants differently through their particular lenses.
Building on Romans 9:6-8, the core biblical argument posits that God’s true children are not defined by physical descent from Abraham ("children of the flesh" ) but by divine promise, exemplified through Isaac’s miraculous birth rather than Ishmael’s human-originated one. Paul extends this to assert that the promise is fulfilled in Christ, the ultimate "seed" of Abraham (Galatians 3:16), making all who believe in Him, Jew or Gentile, spiritual heirs and adopted children of God (Galatians 3:29; Romans 8:14-17). This sovereignty of God in election underscores that salvation is by grace through faith, not merit or lineage, aligning Christians directly with the covenant promises.
Assuming Christ’s sonship is proven archaeologically (the Pilate Stone, Capernaum sites, early symbols) and spiritually (testimonies, visions, Holy Spirit revelation), Christians fulfill the covenant as God’s chosen family, distinct from other views. In essence, if Jesus is the proven Son of God, bridging promise to fulfillment, then Christians, through faith in Him, embody the "children of the promise" as God’s sovereignly chosen family, transcending ethnic or works-based boundaries.
Theologically, this emphasizes sola fide (faith alone), contrasting the law’s temporary role with the enduring promise of grace. Paul founded these Gentile-majority churches during his first missionary journey (Acts 13-14), where he faced persecution. After his departure, Judaizers infiltrated, arguing that faith in Christ was insufficient without Mosaic rituals, blurring the gospel and causing confusion. And ironically, in the following centuries a Christian version of the Judaizers emerged emphasizing sacraments, penance, indulgences, and good works making them akin to the Judaizers’ addition of Jewish rituals to the gospel. And this became what we now know as the Roman Catholic tradition.
In Galatians 3, Paul rebukes the Judaizers for "bewitching" believers into thinking faith alone was insufficient (vs. 1-5), arguing that the law curses those who rely on it (v. 10) and that Christ redeems us from this curse. Over the many centuries that followed, Catholicism evolved a system where salvation involves "meriting" grace through works, similar to how Judaizers required law-keeping for full covenant inclusion. Riman Catholic ideas such as Purgatory and the Treasury of Merit add human effort to Christ’s finished work, "blurring the gospel" much like the confusion in Galatia.
The Apostle Paul declared all believers as "sons of God through faith," united as heirs without ethnic or ritual barriers. This directly contradicts Catholicism’s hierarchical sacraments. This "irony" highlights ongoing tensions in Christianity about faith vs. works, echoing Paul’s warning against any "addition" that undermines the gospel’s simplicity (Galatians 3:1-3).
Conclusion:
Whether viewing Catholicism as perpetuating Judaizer-like elements or as faithfully administering grace, the chapter in Galatians calls believers to examine reliance on "flesh" efforts over the Spirit’s promise (v. 3). In a divided Church, it invites unity as "one in Christ" (v. 28), not one in traditions or trades, prioritizing therefore, grace, amid diverse traditions. As we’ve journeyed through Romans 9 and Galatians 3, we’ve seen that true belonging to God comes not through lineage or works, but by grace through faith in Christ. He alone is the fulfillment of God’s ancient promises. In a world of divided faiths and traditions, may we rest secure as adopted heirs in Christ, living out His promise in unity and freedom.
Prayer:
Heavenly Father, thank You for making us children of the promise through Your Son, Jesus. Help us to walk by faith, not by sight or meritorious striving, and to share Your grace with all. In Jesus’ Holy name, Amen.