Apollos’ Flame: Igniting Truth, Navigating Deception, and Forging Unity in Scriptural Light
Apollos’ Flame: Igniting Truth, Navigating Deception, and Forging Unity in Scriptural Light
Acts 18:24-28
"Now a Jew named Apollos, a native of Alexandria, came to Ephesus. He was an eloquent man, competent in the Scriptures. He had been instructed in the way of the Lord. And being fervent in spirit, he spoke and taught accurately the things concerning Jesus, though he knew only the baptism of John. He began to speak boldly in the synagogue, but when Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him aside and explained to him the way of God more accurately. And when he wished to cross to Achaia, the brothers encouraged him and wrote to the disciples to welcome him. When he arrived, he greatly helped those who through grace had believed, for he powerfully refuted the Jews in public, showing by the Scriptures that the Christ was Jesus."
Apollos, apparently a highly educated Jew from Alexandria, a center of Jewish learning and philosophy, was described as eloquent, fervent in spirit, and exceptionally skilled in interpreting the Old Testament Scriptures. He knew the baptism of John which suggests he was likely a disciple of John. His initial teaching in the Ephesus synagogue focused on the "things concerning Jesus," emphasizing repentance in preparation for the Messiah, as taught by John the Baptist. But his understanding was incomplete, lacking details about Jesus’ crucifixion, resurrection, the outpouring of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, and the full implications of baptism in Jesus’ name.
Priscilla and Aquila, recognizing this gap, privately explained "the way of God more accurately" to him, likely filling in these key elements of the gospel to deepen his message. This wasn’t a public sermon but a private, respectful conversation, demonstrating humility on Apollos’ part (as a learned scholar willing to learn from these tentmakers) and the couple’s deep doctrinal knowledge, probably gained from their time with Paul in Corinth. What’s particularly noteworthy is Priscilla’s active involvement in this teaching moment. In the Greek text of Acts 18:26, her name is listed before Aquila’s (as it often is in New Testament references to the couple), which was unusual in a patriarchal society and may indicate her prominence or leadership. This suggests women like Priscilla held influential roles in theological instruction and church planting, partnering somewhat equally with men. They hosted house churches, risked their lives for Paul (Romans 16:3-4), and mentored others, showing that gender wasn’t a complete barrier to using one’s gifts for the gospel. I don't see this as objectionable, Priscilla’s role was collaborative, non-authoritative, and focused on accuracy rather than dominance. Everyone, no matter how gifted, or by virtue of their gender, needs correction and growth. Priscilla and Aquila model gentle, behind-the-scenes discipleship that empowers others, like how Apollos went on to become a powerful apologist in Achaia after their input.
What made Apollos’ teaching so compelling, particularly to Jewish audiences, was his powerful ability to refute objections in public debates by "showing by the Scriptures that the Christ was Jesus." As a fellow Jew with deep scriptural knowledge, he used the Old Testament, texts the Jews revered, to demonstrate how Jesus fulfilled messianic prophecies, making his arguments irrefutable and resonant within their own religious framework. Apparently Apollos was an eloquent scholar who could expound prophecies with passion and precision, proving Jesus as the long-awaited Messiah, likely through passages foretelling of a suffering servant (Isaiah 53), a pierced one (Psalm 22:16), a descendant of David born in Bethlehem (Micah 5:2; Jeremiah 23:5), and resurrection from the dead (Psalm 16:10).
So Just What Did Apollos Teach?
Apollos, with his Alexandrian education and rhetorical skill, would have drawn from the Hebrew Scriptures (what Christians call the Old Testament) to argue that Jesus of Nazareth was the promised Messiah. This method, known as typology or prophetic fulfillment, was common in early Jewish-Christian apologetics, where figures like Apollos connected messianic expectations to Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection.
The Suffering Servant (Isaiah 53)
Isaiah 53 describes a "servant" who suffers unjustly for the sins of others, bearing their transgressions like a sacrificial lamb, yet ultimately being exalted by God. This chapter portrays the servant as despised, rejected, wounded, bruised, and led to slaughter without resistance, imagery that doesn’t fit Israel as a nation (a common Jewish interpretation) but aligns strikingly with an individual Messiah.
The Pierced One (Psalm 22:16)
Psalm 22:16 vividly states, "Dogs surround me, a pack of villains encircles me; they pierce my hands and my feet" (in many translations, based on ancient manuscripts like the Dead Sea Scrolls). This psalm, written by David as a lament, depicts extreme agony: divided garments, mocking onlookers, thirst, and pierced limbs, details eerily matching crucifixion, a Roman execution method not yet invented in David’s time (circa 1000 BC). Jesus echoed the psalm’s opening cry on the cross ("My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" ).
Descendant of David Born in Bethlehem (Micah 5:2; Jeremiah 23:5)
Micah 5:2 prophesies, "But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from of old, from ancient times." This points to a ruler from the humble town of Bethlehem, with eternal origins, implying divinity, and tied to David’s lineage (as Bethlehem was David’s hometown). Jeremiah 23:5 complements this: "The days are coming," declares the Lord, "when I will raise up for David a righteous Branch, a King who will reign wisely and do what is just and right in the land." Jesus’ genealogy in Matthew 1 and Luke 3 traces back to David, and the Gospels record his birth in Bethlehem (Matthew 2:1; Luke 2:4-7), fulfilling these despite his upbringing in Nazareth.
Resurrection from the Dead (Psalm 16:10)
Psalm 16:10 declares, "You will not abandon me to the realm of the dead, nor will you let your faithful one see decay." David wrote this as a prayer for deliverance, but it transcends his own life since he died and his body decayed (Acts 2:29). Peter and Paul interpreted it messianically in the New Testament (Acts 2:25-32; 13:35-37), arguing that it foretold the Messiah’s resurrection, Jesus rose on the third day, his body uncorrupted (Luke 24:39; 1 Corinthians 15:4). This would have been a knockout punch in Apollos’ debates, as Jewish tradition expected a resurrected Messiah to usher in the age to come, and eyewitness accounts of Jesus’ empty tomb and appearances (1 Corinthians 15:3-8) provided empirical backing.
These prophecies, and possibly others, woven together, form a tapestry that Apollos likely used to build a cumulative case. But what about those Jews who objected to these claims? Did they have a case?
Many Jews, both historically and today, interpret certain Old Testament passages, particularly those cited as messianic prophecies, not as referring to a personal Messiah like Jesus, but to the nation of Israel collectively, historical figures (David or the prophets), or symbolic ideals. This view is rooted in rabbinic traditions, contextual readings of the Hebrew text (Tanakh), and a rejection of Christian claims that Jesus fulfilled these prophecies.
Jewish exegesis often emphasizes the immediate literary and historical context of these texts, viewing them as poetry, laments, or prophecies about Israel’s exile and redemption under prophets like Isaiah (8th century BC) or during Babylonian captivity. The Messiah (Mashiach) in Judaism is typically seen as a future human king from David’s line who will restore Israel politically, bring world peace, rebuild the Temple, and usher in universal knowledge of God, without divinity. Sound familiar? Too me it sounds like a perfect example of the coming AntiChrist.
Yes, these Jewish perspectives hold that Christianity retrofits prophecies to fit Jesus, sometimes relying on mistranslations (from the Greek Septuagint) or out-of-context quotes, while ignoring unfulfilled aspects like worldwide peace, the ingathering of Jewish exiles, or Temple rebuilding, criteria central to the Jewish Messiah. But honestly, have they not read the New Testament, and especially those passages regarding the second coming of Jesus?
The New Testament argues that the Antichrist (or "man of lawlessness" in 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4) will initially pose as a charismatic leader fulfilling Jewish messianic expectations: brokering a false peace (Daniel 9:27), performing deceptive signs (2 Thessalonians 2:9-10), and even desecrating a rebuilt Temple (Matthew 24:15, referencing Daniel 11:31). In this framework, he could deceive many Jews by appearing as their long-awaited Mashiach, human, political, and triumphant, before revealing his true opposition to God, mirroring how Satan counterfeits Christ’s role. Early church fathers like Hippolytus and Origen speculated the Antichrist might be Jewish or emerge from a Jewish context, drawing on passages like John 5:43 (Jesus saying, "If another comes in his own name, you will receive him" ).
From a Jewish perspective, there’s no "Antichrist" concept at all; the Messiah is simply a righteous leader, and any false claimant is just that, false, not a demonic figure. So it's no surprise they won't see Jesus as the Mashiach. Ironically, some rabbis like Tovia Singer flip the script, suggesting Christians might mistake the true Jewish Messiah for the Antichrist due to differing expectations. In tying this back to Apollos’ debates in Acts 18, these objections highlight why his scriptural arguments were compelling to some Jews but not others, interpretation hinges on ones foundational assumptions about the Messiah’s nature.
So, in the end of days, (which could be today), one group is going to be deceived, confused, misled, and even serve the enemies purposes, thinking they are righteous in what they are doing. These starkly different expectations for the "end of days" (or Messianic Age) between Judaism and Christianity create a scenario where each side could view the other’s fulfillment as deception. Any wonder the New Testament describes a Great War in the end?
From a Jewish standpoint, there’s no demonic "Antichrist", just potential false messiahs who fail their scriptural tests. And likewise, Christians, conditioned by New Testament warnings of a deceptive figure (2 Thessalonians 2:3-4), might label him the Antichrist, especially if he rebuilds the Temple, which some Christians see as the site of abomination (Daniel 9:27; Matthew 24:15). Proponents of this idea, (dispensationalists) argue Jews, having rejected Jesus, will be primed for this deception until a remnant converts (Romans 11:25-27; Zechariah 12:10).
So, what can we learn from all this debate?
In tying back to our devotional context from Acts 18, this echoes Apollos’ story. His partial knowledge leads him to fervent but incomplete proclamation, requiring his correction (like Priscilla and Aquila’s mentorship). End-times views, if rigidly held, risk self-deception. Jesus warned of false christs misleading even the elect (Matthew 24:24), urging discernment through Scripture, prayer, and humility.
Whether today heralds the end (with ongoing Mideast conflicts mirroring prophecies), the call from the New Testament is to "test the spirits" (1 John 4:1), avoiding division that serves no divine purpose. Keep your lamps filled. Call upon the Holy Spirit. Study the scriptures. Pray for wisdom. Walk worthy.
Ephesians 4:1-6
"I therefore, a prisoner for the Lord, urge you to walk in a manner worthy of the calling to which you have been called, with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love, eager to maintain the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called to the one hope that belongs to your call, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all."
From the swirling debates on Old Testament prophecies, Messiah expectations, and end-times scenarios, spanning Jewish rabbinic traditions, Christian apologetics, and interfaith tensions, we emerge with timeless, practical lessons that resonate deeply with the devotional heart of Acts 18:24-28. These aren’t abstract theological exercises; they’re calls to personal and communal growth, especially as we navigate a world where "ongoing Mideast conflicts" like the Iran-Israel war (the so-called Twelve-Day War), and surging violence in Gaza, and Syria’s post-Assad chaos, all feel eerily aligned with biblical foreshadowings. Many prophecy watchers see these as echoes of Ezekiel 38-39’s northern coalition (involving Persia/Iran and others) or Isaiah 17’s ruin of Damascus, urging vigilance without panic.
So, what's a body to do?
As James 1:5 urges, pray for wisdom, recognizing our knowledge is partial (1 Corinthians 13:12). Whether these mirror Gog-Magog or just geopolitical echoes, the key is grounding in Scripture, not headlines or conspiracies. "Test the spirits." Foster bonds with humility, bearing with one another in love, rather than letting end-times fears fracture the church. The call isn’t to predict dates but to embody readiness.
In essence, the debate isn’t about winning arguments but refining faith. Like Apollos’ journey from partial to powerful proclamation, let these tensions propel us toward maturity, humble, discerning, united, and prepared. May the Holy Spirit grant wisdom as we navigate these times, holding fast to the one Lord who unites us all, in the name of the Father, The Son, and The Holy Spirit.
Prayer:
Heavenly Father, amidst debates and divisions that echo through the ages, grant us the humility of Apollos to receive correction, the wisdom of Priscilla and Aquila to mentor with grace, and the fervent spirit to pursue Your truth. Bind us together in the bond of peace, as one body under one Lord, one faith, and one hope. Help us test every spirit, walk worthy of our calling, and shine Your light in these uncertain times.
In Jesus’ Holy name, Amen.