Marketplace Ministry: From Athens to Algorithms
Acts 17:16-21
"Now while Paul was waiting for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him as he saw that the city was full of idols. So he reasoned in the synagogue with the Jews and the devout persons, and in the marketplace every day with those who happened to be there. Some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers also conversed with him. And some said, "What does this babbler wish to say?" Others said, "He seems to be a preacher of foreign divinities", because he was preaching Jesus and the resurrection. And they took him and brought him to the Areopagus, saying, "May we know what this new teaching is that you are presenting? For you bring some strange things to our ears. We wish to know therefore what these things mean." Now all the Athenians and the foreigners who lived there would spend their time in nothing except telling or hearing something new.
Not committed, just wanting to listen to anything new. The ancient Athenian marketplace is buzzing with debates, philosophers, and an insatiable hunger for the "next big thing" which mirror the endless scroll of social media feeds, live audio rooms like X Spaces, or even Reddit threads where ideas clash and curiosity reigns. Paul’s spirit being "provoked" by the idols everywhere feels like logging online and seeing a flood of competing worldviews, trends, and distractions vying for attention. Just as Paul wandered Athens, a city drowning in idols and intellectual chatter, our online worlds are modern Areopaguses. X Spaces host live debates on everything from philosophy to pop culture; TikTok and Instagram reels serve up "strange things" daily. And the Athenians "spent their time in nothing except telling or hearing something new."
The Epicurean philosophies was ultimately expressed in the Roman culture of excess. And in many ways it ended in pantheism, the worship of everything. And there were the stoics, they were unmoved by anything. Epicureanism, founded by the Greek philosopher Epicurus around 300 BC, emphasized pursuing pleasure (hedone) as the highest good, but not in the sense of unchecked excess or hedonism as we might think today. Instead, it advocated for simple, moderated pleasures (like friendship, basic needs, and intellectual pursuits) while avoiding pain, fear, and unnecessary desires. In Roman culture, this philosophy gained traction during the late Republic and Empire, notably through poets like Lucretius, whose epic "De Rerum Natura" (On the Nature of Things) promoted Epicurean ideas like atomism (everything is made of atoms in a void) and the irrelevance of gods to human affairs (almost atheism). Most Epicureans were materialists who believed gods existed in some respect but were distant, uninvolved beings made of atoms, with no role in creation or human fate, they rejected divine intervention or worship of nature as divine.
Stoicism on the other hand had more pantheistic leanings, viewing the universe as infused with a divine rational principle (logos), where everything is interconnected and fated. They believed in living according to nature and virtue as the sole good, enduring hardships without complaint.
In contrast, Epicureans weren’t about being "unmoved" in that stoic (lowercase "s" ) way; they actively sought to maximize pleasure and minimize pain through choices, like withdrawing from politics or fears of death/afterlife. In some ways they were like king Solomon, they sought to make the most of things. But Solomon was never ignorant of God, or opposed to Him.
Solomon, takes it further in his autobiographical experiment: he dove headlong into every avenue of worldly fulfillment; wisdom, work, wealth, and yes, pleasures that veered into excess and potentially sin (like indulging in wine, laughter, and a harem to "test" his heart), only to declare it all "vanity" in the end or "chasing after the wind" without God at the center.
Much like Solomon in Ecclesiastes, the Epicureans and Stoics sought to extract the utmost from life on their own terms. The Epicureans chased moderated pleasure for peace, but in Roman hands, it often devolved into justifying cultural excesses without an eternal anchor. Stoics pursued unshakeable virtue through reason, mastering emotions to remain steady amid chaos, but again, detached from God’s truth, it left their souls adrift. They were like the Vulcans of Star Trek fame.
Today, our online "marketplaces", X Spaces, viral threads, self-optimization hacks, mirror this: We scroll for the next pleasure hit, stoically detach from digital drama, or chase wisdom in podcasts, even flirting with sin’s allure in unchecked pursuits. But as Solomon wrapped up,
Ecclesiastes 12:13
"Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the duty of all mankind"
And Paul’s message about Christ cut through their intellectual noise of the day. He said to them that they are "very religious". He perceived that every street corner had a god. Many great temples along the streets. And Paul watched them pray and devote themselves to these gods they didn't love. He watched their motions and venerations, and noticed a temple devoted to "the unknown god". They had deified most everything, from endeavors to emotions, and so they wanted to ensure that they hadn't accidentally missed something. So Paul makes note of this temple to the God they didn't know.
Paul commented that they worshipped this unknown god "ignorantly". I would say many people today, many "believers", worship the creation of man. They worship a god they do not know. And what's terribly sad about that is Jesus said that many will call upon his name and he will say to them that he did not know them. And Paul is seeing things in this same way.
Acts 17:24-25
"The God who made the world and everything in it, being Lord of heaven and earth, does not live in temples made by man, nor is he served by human hands, as though he needed anything, since he himself gives to all mankind life and breath and everything."
What a profound observation!
In their quest for novelty and self-made wisdom, they groped in the dark for the divine, building altars to placeholders rather than knowing the Creator. But Paul didn’t leave them there. He proclaimed the God who made the world and everything in it, the Lord of heaven and earth who doesn’t live in temples built by hands. This God isn’t distant or indifferent; He gives life and breath to all, and in Him "we live and move and have our being" (v. 28). The resurrection of Jesus shatters the vanity of human philosophies, calling us to repentance because God has set a day to judge the world in righteousness (v. 30-31).
In our algorithm-driven age, we’re often like those Athenians, curious but uncommitted, scrolling past idols of influence, pleasure, and self-mastery. Filled with hypocrites who seek only monetization from the influence they find in Christ's name. Yet the gospel invites us to know the "unknown God" personally through Christ, who turns provocation into purpose. Paul’s marketplace ministry reminds us: Engage the digital agora not with detachment or excess, but with the provoking truth of resurrection life.
Paul said, this unknown God rules over all. He is the ruler of all. At the far end of the agora and above where Paul stood, stands great temples, and on the Parthenon is the temple to Athena, the goddess. Marvelous temple structures there on the acropolis. And Paul said that God Almighty doesn't dwell in these things. It underscores the contrast between the Athenians’ elaborate structures (like the Parthenon dedicated to Athena, visibly towering above the Areopagus) and Paul’s message that the Creator doesn’t dwell in such places (Acts 17:24). No matter where you are you are surrounded by God Almighty, the unseen Creator of all things. You cannot localize Him. He's inescapable. And He cannot be worshipped through idols and images made by human hands. He's not worshipped with ornate figures, buildings, and altars. He's transcendent and we shouldn't try and make Him into something he's not.
The gospel invites us to know the "unknown God" personally through Christ, who turns provocation into purpose. No other intercessions needed, as if God needs anything to help Him hear our voices. This God isn’t distant or indifferent. And Paul’s marketplace ministry reminds us: Engage the digital agora not with detachment or excess, but with the provoking truth of resurrection life.
What "unknown god" might you be worshipping ignorantly today?
How can proclaiming Christ in your spaces change that?
Prayer:
Dear Heavenly Father, the Lord of heaven and earth, who does not dwell in temples made by hands but fills the universe with Your presence, we come before You today, humbled by Your majesty.
Like Paul in Athens, provoke our spirits when we encounter the idols of our age: the distractions of screens, the chase for novelty, and the philosophies that promise fulfillment without You. Help us see through the vanity of self-made wisdom, as Solomon did, and turn our hearts to fear You and keep Your commandments.
Reveal Yourself as the "unknown God" no longer hidden, but known intimately through Jesus Christ, Your Son. May His resurrection shatter our doubts and draw us into eternal life. Empower us to proclaim this truth in our modern marketplaces; online spaces, conversations, and daily encounters, without fear or compromise.
No intercessions or ornate rituals are needed; You hear us directly, surrounding us inescapably with Your love. Guide us to worship You in spirit and truth, free from images and altars of our own making.
In the name of Jesus, king of the universe, who turns provocation into purpose, we pray. Amen.