Genesis 11:1-4
Now all the earth used the same language and the same words. And it came about, as they journeyed east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. Then they said to one another, "Come, let’s make bricks and fire them thoroughly." And they used brick for stone, and they used tar for mortar. And they said, "Come, let’s build ourselves a city, and a tower whose top will reach into heaven, and let’s make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered abroad over the face of all the earth."
What was their crime against God?
It was disobedience to His plan for their disbursement and development.
God had spoken clearly after the flood:
"Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth" (Genesis 9:1)
The people of Shinar did the opposite, exposing their motives.
"otherwise we will be scattered abroad over the face of all the earth."
Why do you suppose they were concerned about being scattered?
We don't really know but I would speculate that staying together in one fortified place, with a common language and a towering center of spiritual awareness, offered the illusion of control. It's the same lure that communism always seems to offer at first glance. Under that arrangement the individual and the family are subordinated to the collective project. Vulnerability is traded for an engineered sense of strength. The fear of being "scattered" is reframed as the enemy of progress, so the people willingly surrender the very dispersal God commanded. Thereby secularizing their impulses and refusing God's ordered will. They wanted a name for themselves and a reach into heaven on their own terms. And the tower is the apparatus for that communal power.
The tower is widely understood as a ziggurat; the stepped temple towers of ancient Mesopotamia. Solidly built structures of fired brick and bitumen [tar] that rose in successive tiers toward a small shrine at the summit. And these structures served as a humanly engineered staircase into heaven, rendering dependence on God’s word unnecessary.
I find God's response very interesting.
Genesis 11:6-9
And the Lord said, "Behold, they are one people, and they all have the same language. And this is what they have started to do, and now nothing which they plan to do will be impossible for them. Come, let Us go down and there confuse their language, so that they will not understand one another’s speech." So the Lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth; and they stopped building the city. Therefore it was named Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of all the earth; and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth.
God explains that with mankind, if left unchecked, the same impulse that produced a city and a ziggurat will produce whatever else they set their minds to. And always in the direction of making a name for themselves and securing their own center as gods of their own making.
They had said "Come, let’s…" three times. Now the Lord says, "Come, let Us go down and there confuse their language." And He is using the plural "Us" again (as in Genesis 1:26 and 3:22) underscoring that this is a deliberate, sovereign triune act of the Godhead. He doesn't destroy their tower or strike the people dead. He simply removes the condition that made the project possible; the common language. The language, by the way, that He gave them.
Why confuse their language?
In Genesis 11:6–7 the Lord observes that the people are one, with one language, and that nothing they plan will be impossible for them. Information and the sharing of knowledge has always from the beginning been the means for mankind's sinful desires. Their shared speech is identified as what makes the city and the tower possible. Planning, engineering, motivating the masses into constructing the devise; all these elements of architecture require shared speech and understanding.
God's restraint is remarkable. He leaves the tower standing and the people alive, yet the work ends and the earth begins to be filled as they scatter off in common tribes with the same languages.
So what becomes of their tower?
The tower stands as a memorial of their project and the confusion itself. In the Hebrew text the place is called Babel, which means to mix-up, or confuse. What the Babylonians called "the gate of god," the biblical account names as the place where language was mixed and the people were scattered. And going forward the Babylonian empire will stand as a center of human pride and opposition to God. At this point in human history Babylon has a very long history of making God angry and causing His wrath. The later empire’s pride, its treatment of Israel, and its prophetic portrayal (especially in Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Revelation) continues the trajectory that all begins on the plain of Shinar with that tower.
This Tower of Babel stands as a symbol of mankind's progress toward making themselves capable of reaching God without having to rely on Him descending to them. This example therefore functions as a lasting picture of any attempt, ancient or later, to reach heaven, make a name for ourselves, or secure a center on terms other than those God has given.
The irony is that they were given what they thought they were striving to achieve. They got God's attention and He did descend. They built so that the top of the tower would reach into heaven; so they could ascend, make a name, and secure access on their own terms. What actually happens is the opposite. And this human religious pattern is repeated time and time again. Even astrology was thought by many to have carried the message of the gospel. And again God has an opinion about those perverted religious practices. Scripture consistently treats the consultation of stars and heavenly signs for hidden knowledge as forbidden and unreliable (Deuteronomy 18:10–14; Isaiah 47:13–14; Jeremiah 10:2).
This human pattern is always rooted in this same desire to be like God. The very same desire that directly preceded the fall of mankind. The pattern therefore runs in a straight line. The first reach for autonomy ends in expulsion from the garden; the later reach for autonomy ends in the confusion of language and the scattering from Shinar. Later the Pharisees will develop very elaborate plans for self-adulation and acceptance in the sight of God, and at the same time reject and plot the destruction of God's Son.
In each case the attempt to establish standing, access, or a name on human terms meets the reality of God’s own action; and is undone by it. Later in Revelation we learn that yet again mankind will attempt to reach godhood through the Beast and again Babylon is at the heart of that story. The great Babylon is the culminating system of autonomous glory, economic power, and religious pretension that seduces the nations and opposes the Lamb. The Beast offers the same ancient promise in its last form. a name, a mark, a center, and a reach toward godhood that does not depend on the God who comes down. Once again the attempt to establish standing and access on human terms will meet the reality of God’s own action and will be undone by it.
The unfinished tower of Genesis 11 and the fallen city of Revelation 18 are therefore the same story at its beginning and its end. The desire to be like God, to make a name, and to build a center that renders His descent unnecessary runs unbroken from the garden through Shinar to the final Babylon. In every case the project is met by the same triune God who comes down, and in every case it is the project that falls.
Amen to that! 🙏🏼